The Quran's dua for patience is Rabbana afrigh alayna sabran: Our Lord, pour patience upon us. The believers with Talut said it as they faced Jalut's army, and the magicians said it when Pharaoh threatened them for believing. The Sunnah adds what to say the moment a hardship arrives.
رَبَّنَآ أَفْرِغْ عَلَيْنَا صَبْرًۭا وَثَبِّتْ أَقْدَامَنَا وَٱنصُرْنَا عَلَى ٱلْقَوْمِ ٱلْكَٰفِرِينَ
Rabbanā afrigh ʿalaynā ṣabran wa thabbit aqdāmanā wanṣurnā ʿalal-qawmil-kāfirīn
Our Lord, pour upon us patience and plant firmly our feet and give us victory over the disbelieving people.
Quran 2:250, translation by Sahih International
رَبَّنَآ أَفْرِغْ عَلَيْنَا صَبْرًۭا وَتَوَفَّنَا مُسْلِمِينَ
Rabbanā afrigh ʿalaynā ṣabran wa tawaffanā muslimīn
Our Lord, pour upon us patience and let us die as Muslims [in submission to You].
Quran 7:126, translation by Sahih International
إِنَّا لِلَّهِ وَإِنَّا إِلَيْهِ رَاجِعُونَ، اللَّهُمَّ أْجُرْنِي فِي مُصِيبَتِي، وَأَخْلِفْ لِي خَيْرًا مِنْهَا
Innā lillāhi wa innā ilayhi rājiʿūn. Allāhumma ʾjurnī fī muṣībatī wa akhlif lī khayram-minhā
We belong to Allah and to Him we return. O Allah, reward me in my hardship and replace it for me with something better.
Sahih Muslim 918
فَصَبْرٌۭ جَمِيلٌۭ ۖ وَٱللَّهُ ٱلْمُسْتَعَانُ عَلَىٰ مَا تَصِفُونَ
Fa-ṣabrun jamīl, wallāhul-mustaʿānu ʿalā mā taṣifūn
So patience is most fitting. And Allah is the one sought for help against that which you describe. (The words of Yaqub.)
Quran 12:18, translation by Sahih International
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Guide
The Quran's dua for patience is Rabbana afrigh alayna sabran: Our Lord, pour patience upon us. The believers with Talut said it as they faced Jalut's army, and the magicians said it when Pharaoh threatened them for believing. The Sunnah adds what to say the moment a hardship arrives.
The Prophet ﷺ passed a woman weeping at a grave and told her to fear Allah and be patient. She did not recognise him and turned him away. When she later came to apologise, he said: "Patience is at the first shock."1 That is why the Sunnah gives words for the very moment of the news (Dua 3). Umm Salamah said them when her husband died, and Allah replaced him with the Prophet ﷺ himself.
Scholars describe three kinds of patience: patience in obeying Allah, patience in keeping away from what He forbids, and patience with what He decrees. Allah says: "Indeed, the patient will be given their reward without account."2 Every hardship a Muslim suffers, even a thorn, wipes away some of their sins.3
When his son Ibrahim died, the Prophet ﷺ wept and said: "The eye sheds tears and the heart grieves, and we say only what pleases our Lord."4 Patience is holding your tongue and your actions from complaint against Allah, not hiding every feeling. Talk to people you trust, and seek help if grief or stress does not lift.
Questions
Rabbana afrigh alayna sabran wa thabbit aqdamana (Quran 2:250), and Rabbana afrigh alayna sabran wa tawaffana muslimin (Quran 7:126).
Inna lillahi wa inna ilayhi raji'un, Allahumma'jurni fi musibati wa akhlif li khayran minha (Muslim 918).
No. The Prophet ﷺ wept when his son died. Patience means not complaining against Allah or acting in despair.