The dua most people use for confidence is the dua of Musa: Rabbish-rah li sadri, wa yassir li amri, wahlul uqdatan min lisani, yafqahu qawli. He said it when Allah sent him to speak to Pharaoh, and he was afraid. There is no hadith dua named for confidence, but these duas from the Quran and Sunnah ask for exactly that: a calm heart and courage.
رَبِّ ٱشْرَحْ لِى صَدْرِى وَيَسِّرْ لِىٓ أَمْرِى وَٱحْلُلْ عُقْدَةًۭ مِّن لِّسَانِى يَفْقَهُوا۟ قَوْلِى
Rabbish-raḥ lī ṣadrī, wa yassir lī amrī, waḥlul ʿuqdatam-min lisānī, yafqahū qawlī
My Lord, expand for me my breast [with assurance] and ease for me my task and untie the knot from my tongue, that they may understand my speech.
Quran 20:25-28, translation by Sahih International
اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنَ الْجُبْنِ، وَأَعُوذُ بِكَ أَنْ أُرَدَّ إِلَى أَرْذَلِ الْعُمُرِ، وَأَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنْ فِتْنَةِ الدُّنْيَا، وَأَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنْ عَذَابِ الْقَبْرِ
Allāhumma innī aʿūdhu bika minal-jubn, wa aʿūdhu bika an uradda ilā ardhalil-ʿumur, wa aʿūdhu bika min fitnatid-dunyā, wa aʿūdhu bika min ʿadhābil-qabr
O Allah, I seek refuge in You from cowardice, I seek refuge in You from being returned to the worst of old age, I seek refuge in You from the trials of this world, and I seek refuge in You from the punishment of the grave.
Sahih al-Bukhari 2822
حَسْبِىَ ٱللَّهُ لَآ إِلَٰهَ إِلَّا هُوَ ۖ عَلَيْهِ تَوَكَّلْتُ ۖ وَهُوَ رَبُّ ٱلْعَرْشِ ٱلْعَظِيمِ
Ḥasbiyallāhu lā ilāha illā huwa ʿalayhi tawakkaltu wa huwa rabbul-ʿarshil-ʿaẓīm
Sufficient for me is Allah; there is no deity except Him. On Him I have relied, and He is the Lord of the Great Throne.
Quran 9:129, translation by Sahih International
اللَّهُمَّ رَحْمَتَكَ أَرْجُو، فَلَا تَكِلْنِي إِلَى نَفْسِي طَرْفَةَ عَيْنٍ، وَأَصْلِحْ لِي شَأْنِي كُلَّهُ، لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا أَنْتَ
Allāhumma raḥmataka arjū, fa lā takilnī ilā nafsī ṭarfata ʿayn, wa aṣliḥ lī shaʾnī kullah, lā ilāha illā ant
O Allah, it is Your mercy I hope for, so do not leave me to myself even for the blink of an eye, and set right all my affairs. There is no god but You.
Sunan Abi Dawud 5090, graded hasan
وَلَا تَهِنُوا۟ وَلَا تَحْزَنُوا۟ وَأَنتُمُ ٱلْأَعْلَوْنَ إِن كُنتُم مُّؤْمِنِينَ
Wa lā tahinū wa lā taḥzanū wa antumul-aʿlawna in kuntum muʾminīn
So do not weaken and do not grieve, and you will be superior if you are [true] believers.
Quran 3:139, translation by Sahih International
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Guide
The dua most people use for confidence is the dua of Musa: Rabbish-rah li sadri, wa yassir li amri, wahlul uqdatan min lisani, yafqahu qawli. He said it when Allah sent him to speak to Pharaoh, and he was afraid. There is no hadith dua named for confidence, but these duas from the Quran and Sunnah ask for exactly that: a calm heart and courage.
Musa was honest about his fear: "My Lord, indeed I fear that they will deny me, and that my breast will tighten and my tongue will not be fluent" (26:12-13, translation by Sahih International). He made the dua, and Allah answered him: "You have been granted your request, O Moses" (20:36). When Musa and Harun were still afraid, Allah told them: "Fear not. Indeed, I am with you both; I hear and I see" (20:46, translation by Sahih International). That is where a believer's confidence comes from: not from thinking you are enough, but from knowing Allah is with you.
The Prophet ﷺ said: "The strong believer is better and more beloved to Allah than the weak believer, and there is good in both. Be keen on what benefits you, seek Allah's help and do not give up. If something happens to you, do not say 'if only I had done such and such', but say: Allah has decreed, and what He wills He does."2 So prepare well, ask Allah's help, and then act. If it goes wrong, say qaddarallahu wa ma sha'a fa'al and move on.
Confidence is not arrogance. The Prophet ﷺ said that arrogance is rejecting the truth and looking down on people.3 A believer can be humble before Allah and still stand tall before people, because "We have certainly honored the children of Adam" (17:70).
If fear of people or of speaking stops you from living your life, it may be social anxiety, which is treatable. Make dua and talk to a doctor or counsellor too. See the dua for anxiety and the dua for depression.
Questions
Rabbish-rah li sadri, wa yassir li amri, wahlul uqdatan min lisani, yafqahu qawli (Quran 20:25-28), the dua of Musa before he faced Pharaoh.
No hadith dua is named for confidence, but the Prophet ﷺ sought refuge from cowardice (Bukhari 2822) and from weakness and laziness (Bukhari 6369), and taught Allahumma rahmataka arju fa la takilni ila nafsi (Abu Dawud 5090).
The dua of Musa, Rabbish-rah li sadri wa yassir li amri wahlul uqdatan min lisani yafqahu qawli (20:25-28): expand my chest, ease my task and untie my tongue.
No. The Prophet ﷺ said the strong believer is more beloved to Allah (Muslim 2664). Confidence becomes wrong only when it turns into arrogance: rejecting the truth and looking down on people.