Short answer
Yes. Muslims believe every person has two noble recording angels, the Kiraman Katibin, who write down every word and deed, good and bad. On the Day of Judgement each person is given this record, in the right hand for the saved and in the left for the losers. Allah does not need the record to know; it is part of His justice.
Belief in the recording angels is part of Sunni creed. Al-Tahawi writes that we believe in the noble scribes appointed over us as guardians. The record of deeds, the reading of the book and the scales on the Day of Judgement are all true.
The four schools agree on this.
Explanation
The Quran says: "indeed, [appointed] over you are keepers, noble and recording; they know whatever you do" (82:10-12). And: "Man does not utter any word except that with him is an observer prepared [to record]" (50:18). One verse before that speaks of the two receivers seated on the right and on the left (50:17), and many scholars said the one on the right writes the good and the one on the left the bad.
The record is generous to believers. The Prophet ﷺ said Allah wrote good and bad deeds and explained them: a good deed you intend but do not do is written as a full good deed, a good deed you do is multiplied from ten to seven hundred times or more, and a bad deed you intend but leave for Allah's sake is written as a good deed. A bad deed you do is written as one only.
Other angels are with us too. The Prophet ﷺ said angels of the night and angels of the day take turns among you and meet at Fajr and Asr, and Allah asks them how they left His servants. Others guard a person by Allah's command (13:11).
On the Day of Judgement, "as for he who is given his record in his right hand, he will say, Here, read my record!" (69:19). Repentance and good deeds wipe away entries of sin, so the record you will read is still being written. See are you punished for thinking about a sin? and Angels in Islam.
The evidence
Quran, Surah Al-Infitaar 82:10-12
وَإِنَّ عَلَيْكُمْ لَحَٰفِظِينَ ﴿١٠﴾ كِرَامًۭا كَٰتِبِينَ ﴿١١﴾ يَعْلَمُونَ مَا تَفْعَلُونَ ﴿١٢﴾
And indeed, [appointed] over you are keepers, Noble and recording; They know whatever you do.
Describes the recording angels.
Quran, Surah Qaaf 50:18
مَّا يَلْفِظُ مِن قَوْلٍ إِلَّا لَدَيْهِ رَقِيبٌ عَتِيدٌۭ ﴿١٨﴾
Man does not utter any word except that with him is an observer prepared [to record].
Shows that even words are recorded.
Quran, Surah Al-Haaqqa 69:19
فَأَمَّا مَنْ أُوتِىَ كِتَٰبَهُۥ بِيَمِينِهِۦ فَيَقُولُ هَآؤُمُ ٱقْرَءُوا۟ كِتَٰبِيَهْ ﴿١٩﴾
So as for he who is given his record in his right hand, he will say, "Here, read my record!
Shows the record is handed to each person on the Day of Judgement.
Sahih al-Bukhari 6491
Sahih... إِنَّ اللَّهَ كَتَبَ الْحَسَنَاتِ وَالسَّيِّئَاتِ، ثُمَّ بَيَّنَ ذَلِكَ ...
"Allah wrote the good deeds and the bad deeds, then He explained that."
Shows how good and bad deeds and intentions are recorded.
Sahih al-Bukhari 555
Sahih... يَتَعَاقَبُونَ فِيكُمْ مَلاَئِكَةٌ بِاللَّيْلِ وَمَلاَئِكَةٌ بِالنَّهَارِ ...
"Angels by night and angels by day take turns among you."
Shows other angels also witness people's deeds.
Where the ruling is recorded
- al-Aqida al-Tahawiyya, Section on the angels. Affirms belief in the noble scribes appointed over us as guardians.
- al-Fiqh al-Akbar (Imam Abu Hanifa), Section on the Day of Resurrection. Affirms the scales and the reading of the book of deeds as true.
Checked by our team. For a more accurate answer to your own situation, consult a scholar. Quran translation by Sahih International. Hadith Arabic from the standard editions of the six books and the Muwatta, with gradings as recorded there; the English is our own rendering. Spotted a mistake? Tell us.