Short answer
Yes. Muslims believe Adam was the first human and the first prophet, created by Allah from clay, and that Hawwa (Eve) was created as his wife. All people descend from them. In the Quran both were tempted together, both repented, and Allah forgave them, so there is no inherited sin.
That Adam was created directly by Allah and is the father of all humans is an agreed point of Sunni creed. He was a prophet, and al-Fiqh al-Akbar teaches that prophets are protected from sins, major and minor, and from kufr; his eating from the tree was a slip (zalla) that Allah forgave.
The four schools agree on this.
Explanation
The Quran tells Adam's story in several surahs. Allah told the angels, "I will make upon the earth a successive authority" (2:30), created Adam from clay, taught him the names of things, and commanded the angels to prostrate to him in honour. They all did except Iblis, who refused out of pride. Read the full story in Adam and Eve in Islam.
Eve is called Hawwa in Muslim tradition. The Quran does not give her name, but it says Allah created mankind "from one soul and created from it its mate" (4:1). Adam and his wife lived in the Garden and were told not to approach one tree. Shaytan whispered to them both, and both ate. The Quran does not blame Eve alone, a key difference from many retellings. See how Eve was created.
When they realised their mistake they said, "Our Lord, we have wronged ourselves, and if You do not forgive us and have mercy upon us, we will surely be among the losers" (7:23). Allah accepted their repentance. So Islam has no doctrine of original sin: every child is born pure and answers only for their own deeds. See do Muslims believe in original sin?
The Prophet ﷺ said Allah created Adam sixty cubits tall, and that people have been decreasing in stature since. Adam then lived on earth as a prophet, taught his children to worship Allah, and is the father of every human. Believing in Adam as a prophet is part of believing in all the prophets.
The evidence
Quran, Surah Al-Baqara 2:30
وَإِذْ قَالَ رَبُّكَ لِلْمَلَٰٓئِكَةِ إِنِّى جَاعِلٌۭ فِى ٱلْأَرْضِ خَلِيفَةًۭ ۖ قَالُوٓا۟ أَتَجْعَلُ فِيهَا مَن يُفْسِدُ فِيهَا وَيَسْفِكُ ٱلدِّمَآءَ وَنَحْنُ نُسَبِّحُ بِحَمْدِكَ وَنُقَدِّسُ لَكَ ۖ قَالَ إِنِّىٓ أَعْلَمُ مَا لَا تَعْلَمُونَ ﴿٣٠﴾
And [mention, O Muhammad], when your Lord said to the angels, "Indeed, I will make upon the earth a successive authority." They said, "Will You place upon it one who causes corruption therein and sheds blood, while we declare Your praise and sanctify You?" Allah said, "Indeed, I know that which you do not know."
Allah announces the creation of Adam as a successor on earth.
Quran, Surah An-Nisaa 4:1
بِسْمِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلرَّحْمَٰنِ ٱلرَّحِيمِ يَٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلنَّاسُ ٱتَّقُوا۟ رَبَّكُمُ ٱلَّذِى خَلَقَكُم مِّن نَّفْسٍۢ وَٰحِدَةٍۢ وَخَلَقَ مِنْهَا زَوْجَهَا وَبَثَّ مِنْهُمَا رِجَالًۭا كَثِيرًۭا وَنِسَآءًۭ ۚ وَٱتَّقُوا۟ ٱللَّهَ ٱلَّذِى تَسَآءَلُونَ بِهِۦ وَٱلْأَرْحَامَ ۚ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ كَانَ عَلَيْكُمْ رَقِيبًۭا ﴿١﴾
O mankind, fear your Lord, who created you from one soul and created from it its mate and dispersed from both of them many men and women. And fear Allah, through whom you ask one another, and the wombs. Indeed Allah is ever, over you, an Observer.
All people come from one soul and its mate, Adam and Hawwa.
Quran, Surah Al-A'raaf 7:23
قَالَا رَبَّنَا ظَلَمْنَآ أَنفُسَنَا وَإِن لَّمْ تَغْفِرْ لَنَا وَتَرْحَمْنَا لَنَكُونَنَّ مِنَ ٱلْخَٰسِرِينَ ﴿٢٣﴾
They said, "Our Lord, we have wronged ourselves, and if You do not forgive us and have mercy upon us, we will surely be among the losers."
Adam and Eve repented together and asked forgiveness.
Sahih al-Bukhari 3326
Sahih... خلق الله آدم وطوله ستون ذراعا ...
"Allah created Adam, and his height was sixty cubits."
Confirms Adam's direct creation and describes him.
Where the ruling is recorded
- al-Fiqh al-Akbar (Imam Abu Hanifa), Section on the prophets. States that the prophets are free of minor and major sins and of kufr, though slips (zallat) occurred from them.
- al-Aqida al-Tahawiyya, Section on belief in the prophets. Affirms belief in all the prophets sent by Allah.
Checked by our team. For a more accurate answer to your own situation, consult a scholar. Quran translation by Sahih International. Hadith Arabic from the standard editions of the six books and the Muwatta, with gradings as recorded there; the English is our own rendering. Spotted a mistake? Tell us.