Short answer
They are two short statements of belief that Muslim children, especially in South Asia, learn after the six kalimas. Iman-e-Mujmal (faith in brief) affirms belief in Allah with all His names and attributes and acceptance of all His commands. Iman-e-Mufassal (faith in detail) lists the seven things a Muslim believes in.
These are not hadith texts; they are short formulas scholars drew from the Quran and the hadith of Jibril. Believing in what they contain is fard. Memorising them is a good and recommended way of learning the creed, not an obligation in itself.
The four schools agree on this.
Explanation
Iman-e-Mujmal:
آمَنْتُ بِاللهِ كَمَا هُوَ بِأَسْمَائِهِ وَصِفَاتِهِ وَقَبِلْتُ جَمِيْعَ أَحْكَامِهِ
Amantu billahi kama huwa bi-asma'ihi wa sifatihi wa qabiltu jami'a ahkamihi. "I believe in Allah as He is, with His names and His attributes, and I accept all His commands." Some versions add a phrase meaning "affirming with the tongue and confirming with the heart".
Iman-e-Mufassal:
آمَنْتُ بِاللهِ وَمَلَائِكَتِهِ وَكُتُبِهِ وَرُسُلِهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ وَالْقَدْرِ خَيْرِهِ وَشَرِّهِ مِنَ اللهِ تَعَالَى وَالْبَعْثِ بَعْدَ الْمَوْتِ
Amantu billahi wa mala'ikatihi wa kutubihi wa rusulihi wal-yawmil-akhiri wal-qadri khayrihi wa sharrihi minallahi ta'ala wal-ba'thi ba'dal-mawt. "I believe in Allah, His angels, His books, His messengers, the Last Day, and that the decree, its good and its bad, is from Allah the Exalted, and in being raised after death."
The Mufassal is drawn from the hadith of Jibril, where the Prophet ﷺ defined iman, and from verses such as 2:285 and 4:136. It names resurrection separately for emphasis, even though it is part of the Last Day. Imam Abu Hanifa opens al-Fiqh al-Akbar with almost the same list.
The Mujmal is for the moment a person cannot list every detail: it accepts everything Allah has revealed, in summary. Both are learned with the 6 kalimas. For an explanation of each article, read Six Articles of Faith and the Shahada.
The evidence
Quran, Surah Al-Baqara 2:285
ءَامَنَ ٱلرَّسُولُ بِمَآ أُنزِلَ إِلَيْهِ مِن رَّبِّهِۦ وَٱلْمُؤْمِنُونَ ۚ كُلٌّ ءَامَنَ بِٱللَّهِ وَمَلَٰٓئِكَتِهِۦ وَكُتُبِهِۦ وَرُسُلِهِۦ لَا نُفَرِّقُ بَيْنَ أَحَدٍۢ مِّن رُّسُلِهِۦ ۚ وَقَالُوا۟ سَمِعْنَا وَأَطَعْنَا ۖ غُفْرَانَكَ رَبَّنَا وَإِلَيْكَ ٱلْمَصِيرُ ﴿٢٨٥﴾
The Messenger has believed in what was revealed to him from his Lord, and [so have] the believers. All of them have believed in Allah and His angels and His books and His messengers, [saying], "We make no distinction between any of His messengers." And they say, "We hear and we obey. [We seek] Your forgiveness, our Lord, and to You is the [final] destination."
The articles of faith listed in the Mufassal.
Quran, Surah An-Nisaa 4:136
يَٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوٓا۟ ءَامِنُوا۟ بِٱللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِۦ وَٱلْكِتَٰبِ ٱلَّذِى نَزَّلَ عَلَىٰ رَسُولِهِۦ وَٱلْكِتَٰبِ ٱلَّذِىٓ أَنزَلَ مِن قَبْلُ ۚ وَمَن يَكْفُرْ بِٱللَّهِ وَمَلَٰٓئِكَتِهِۦ وَكُتُبِهِۦ وَرُسُلِهِۦ وَٱلْيَوْمِ ٱلْءَاخِرِ فَقَدْ ضَلَّ ضَلَٰلًۢا بَعِيدًا ﴿١٣٦﴾
O you who have believed, believe in Allah and His Messenger and the Book that He sent down upon His Messenger and the Scripture which He sent down before. And whoever disbelieves in Allah, His angels, His books, His messengers, and the Last Day has certainly gone far astray.
Denying any of these articles is disbelief.
Sahih Muslim 8
Sahih... أن تؤمن بالله وملائكته وكتبه ورسله واليوم الآخر ...
"That you believe in Allah, His angels, His books, His messengers and the Last Day."
The source of the list in Iman-e-Mufassal.
Where the ruling is recorded
- al-Fiqh al-Akbar (Imam Abu Hanifa), Opening lines. Begins by listing belief in Allah, His angels, books, messengers, resurrection after death and the decree.
- al-Aqida al-Tahawiyya, Section on the definition of iman. Defines iman as affirming with the tongue and confirming with the heart.
Checked by our team. For a more accurate answer to your own situation, consult a scholar. Quran translation by Sahih International. Hadith Arabic from the standard editions of the six books and the Muwatta, with gradings as recorded there; the English is our own rendering. Spotted a mistake? Tell us.