Short answer
They are two separate duties. The Hajj sacrifice (hady) is wajib on anyone doing tamattu or qiran. The Eid qurbani is wajib in the Hanafi school only on a pilgrim who counts as a resident, not a traveller, and owns the nisab. One does not replace the other.
The hady of tamattu or qiran is a rite of Hajj, owed regardless of wealth (or replaced by fasting). The udhiyah is owed by every resident with the nisab, pilgrim or not. A pilgrim who is a traveller under the 15-day rule owes no udhiyah, but one who is a resident with the nisab owes both.
Other madhhabs
- Maliki
- The udhiyah is not prescribed for a pilgrim at Hajj; his sacrifice is the hady.
- Shafi'i
- The udhiyah is a sunnah for pilgrims and non-pilgrims alike, and is separate from the hady.
- Hanbali
- The udhiyah is a sunnah for the pilgrim as for others.
Explanation
People often mix up three sacrifices: the hady of tamattu or qiran (a sacrifice of thanks for joining umrah and Hajj in one trip), a dam (a penalty, see dam in Hajj), and the udhiyah or Eid qurbani. Each has its own reason, so paying one does not settle another.
- Hady: wajib on the mutamatti and the qarin, slaughtered in the Haram on the days of sacrifice. A pilgrim doing ifrad (Hajj only) owes none. See the hady of tamattu.
- Udhiyah: wajib only on a resident (muqim). A pilgrim who intends to stay 15 days or more in Makkah before Hajj may become a resident; one who stays less is a traveller and owes none. See travel status in Makkah.
- Where: the udhiyah may be done in Makkah or at home through family or a charity, on the Eid days of the place of slaughter.
- Family at home: each person at home with the nisab still owes their own qurbani.
Many Hanafi pilgrims who are unsure of their status simply arrange a qurbani at home to be safe, which is good. For the general ruling see is qurbani wajib.
Ask a mufti about your own case. This answer explains the general ruling. When the details of your situation matter, as they do here, ask a qualified mufti and give them the full facts. Where to ask a scholar.
The evidence
Quran, Surah Al-Baqara 2:196
وَأَتِمُّوا۟ ٱلْحَجَّ وَٱلْعُمْرَةَ لِلَّهِ ۚ فَإِنْ أُحْصِرْتُمْ فَمَا ٱسْتَيْسَرَ مِنَ ٱلْهَدْىِ ۖ وَلَا تَحْلِقُوا۟ رُءُوسَكُمْ حَتَّىٰ يَبْلُغَ ٱلْهَدْىُ مَحِلَّهُۥ ۚ فَمَن كَانَ مِنكُم مَّرِيضًا أَوْ بِهِۦٓ أَذًۭى مِّن رَّأْسِهِۦ فَفِدْيَةٌۭ مِّن صِيَامٍ أَوْ صَدَقَةٍ أَوْ نُسُكٍۢ ۚ فَإِذَآ أَمِنتُمْ فَمَن تَمَتَّعَ بِٱلْعُمْرَةِ إِلَى ٱلْحَجِّ فَمَا ٱسْتَيْسَرَ مِنَ ٱلْهَدْىِ ۚ فَمَن لَّمْ يَجِدْ فَصِيَامُ ثَلَٰثَةِ أَيَّامٍۢ فِى ٱلْحَجِّ وَسَبْعَةٍ إِذَا رَجَعْتُمْ ۗ تِلْكَ عَشَرَةٌۭ كَامِلَةٌۭ ۗ ذَٰلِكَ لِمَن لَّمْ يَكُنْ أَهْلُهُۥ حَاضِرِى ٱلْمَسْجِدِ ٱلْحَرَامِ ۚ وَٱتَّقُوا۟ ٱللَّهَ وَٱعْلَمُوٓا۟ أَنَّ ٱللَّهَ شَدِيدُ ٱلْعِقَابِ ﴿١٩٦﴾
And complete the Hajj and 'umrah for Allah. But if you are prevented, then [offer] what can be obtained with ease of sacrificial animals. And do not shave your heads until the sacrificial animal has reached its place of slaughter. And whoever among you is ill or has an ailment of the head [making shaving necessary must offer] a ransom of fasting [three days] or charity or sacrifice. And when you are secure, then whoever performs 'umrah [during the Hajj months] followed by Hajj [offers] what can be obtained with ease of sacrificial animals. And whoever cannot find [or afford such an animal] - then a fast of three days during Hajj and of seven when you have returned [home]. Those are ten complete [days]. This is for those whose family is not in the area of al-Masjid al-Haram. And fear Allah and know that Allah is severe in penalty.
The hady of tamattu is a rite of Hajj in its own right.
Quran, Surah Al-Hajj 22:28
لِّيَشْهَدُوا۟ مَنَٰفِعَ لَهُمْ وَيَذْكُرُوا۟ ٱسْمَ ٱللَّهِ فِىٓ أَيَّامٍۢ مَّعْلُومَٰتٍ عَلَىٰ مَا رَزَقَهُم مِّنۢ بَهِيمَةِ ٱلْأَنْعَٰمِ ۖ فَكُلُوا۟ مِنْهَا وَأَطْعِمُوا۟ ٱلْبَآئِسَ ٱلْفَقِيرَ ﴿٢٨﴾
That they may witness benefits for themselves and mention the name of Allah on known days over what He has provided for them of [sacrificial] animals. So eat of them and feed the miserable and poor.
Sacrifice on the known days.
Sahih al-Bukhari 5548
Sahih... ضحى رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم عن أزواجه بالبقر ...
"They said: the Messenger of Allah has sacrificed cows on behalf of his wives."
Bukhari places this report, from Mina during the Farewell Hajj, under the sacrifice of travellers and women; the schools differ on whether it was an udhiyah or a hady.
Where the ruling is recorded
- al-Hidaya, Kitab al-Udhiyah. The udhiyah is wajib on the resident, not the traveller.
- Radd al-Muhtar (Ibn Abidin), Kitab al-Udhiyah. The pilgrim who is a resident with the nisab owes the udhiyah besides the hady.
- Mukhtasar Khalil with al-Sharh al-Kabir, Bab al-Dahaya. The Maliki view that the udhiyah is not for the pilgrim.
Checked by our team. For a more accurate answer to your own situation, consult a scholar. Quran translation by Sahih International. Hadith Arabic from the standard editions of the six books and the Muwatta, with gradings as recorded there; the English is our own rendering. Spotted a mistake? Tell us.