Short answer
Yes, in the Hanafi school. Eid falling on a Friday does not cancel Jummah: the Eid prayer is wajib and Jummah is fard, so a man who must attend Jummah prays both. The Hanbali school holds that whoever attended the Eid prayer may skip Jummah and pray Dhuhr instead.
Jummah remains fard on every man it is normally fard on, even if he prayed Eid that morning. One prayer does not stand in for the other. The permission to go home given on such a day was for people of the outlying villages, on whom Jummah was not fard in the first place.
Other madhhabs
- Shafi'i
- Jummah stays fard on the people of the town. People who came in from outlying villages for Eid may go home and pray Dhuhr there.
- Hanbali
- Whoever prayed Eid is excused from attending Jummah and prays Dhuhr instead, though attending is better. The imam should still hold Jummah for those who want it.
Explanation
When Eid falls on a Friday, people ask whether one prayer covers the other. In the Hanafi school it does not. The two prayers have different rulings and different evidence: Jummah is fard by the Quran, and the Eid prayer is wajib. A man on whom Jummah is fard prays the Eid prayer in the morning and Jummah at midday.
The question comes from reports that the Prophet ﷺ, on a day when Eid and Friday met, said that whoever wished could be content with the Eid prayer, adding "and we will hold Jummah". Uthman ibn Affan, on a similar day, said in his khutbah that whoever of the people of al-Awali (the villages around Madinah) wished to wait for Jummah could wait, and whoever wished to go home had his permission. Hanafi and Shafi'i scholars take the permission to be for these villagers, who had walked in for Eid and on whom Jummah was not obligatory, and not for the residents of the town.
- Men who must pray Jummah: pray both.
- Women, travellers and the sick: Jummah is not fard on them on any Friday, so they pray Dhuhr as usual, or Jummah if they attend.
- Following the Hanbali view: some masjids announce that Jummah is optional that day. Hanafis still attend.
This is a difference among the schools, and both sides rely on reports from the early Muslims. Follow your own school without looking down on others. See who has to pray Jummah and how to pray Eid salah.
The evidence
Quran, Surah Al-Jumu'a 62:9
يَٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوٓا۟ إِذَا نُودِىَ لِلصَّلَوٰةِ مِن يَوْمِ ٱلْجُمُعَةِ فَٱسْعَوْا۟ إِلَىٰ ذِكْرِ ٱللَّهِ وَذَرُوا۟ ٱلْبَيْعَ ۚ ذَٰلِكُمْ خَيْرٌۭ لَّكُمْ إِن كُنتُمْ تَعْلَمُونَ ﴿٩﴾
O you who have believed, when [the adhan] is called for the prayer on the day of Jumu'ah [Friday], then proceed to the remembrance of Allah and leave trade. That is better for you, if you only knew.
Jummah is commanded by the Quran itself, so it is not dropped for a wajib prayer.
Sunan Abi Dawud 1073
Grading to be checked... قد اجتمع في يومكم هذا عيدان فمن شاء أجزأه من الجمعة ...
"Two Eids have come together on this day of yours; whoever wishes, it is enough for him in place of Jummah, and we will hold Jummah."
The report the Hanbali view rests on; the Prophet ﷺ still held Jummah himself.
Sahih al-Bukhari 5572
Sahih... فمن أحب أن ينتظر الجمعة من أهل العوالي فلينتظر ...
"Uthman said: whoever of the people of al-Awali wishes to wait for Jummah may wait, and whoever wishes to go home, I have given him leave."
The permission was addressed to villagers from outside the town, which is how the Hanafi school reads it.
Where the ruling is recorded
- Radd al-Muhtar (Ibn Abidin), Kitab al-Salah, chapter on the two Eids. If Eid and Friday coincide, neither suffices for the other; both are prayed.
- al-Mughni (Ibn Qudama), Kitab al-Salah, chapter on Jumu'ah. The Hanbali view that attending Eid excuses from attending Jummah, with Dhuhr prayed instead.
Checked by our team. For a more accurate answer to your own situation, consult a scholar. Quran translation by Sahih International. Hadith Arabic from the standard editions of the six books and the Muwatta, with gradings as recorded there; the English is our own rendering. Spotted a mistake? Tell us.