Short answer
No. The Quran calls him the unlettered prophet (al-nabi al-ummi), and says he did not read any scripture or write one before the Quran came. Scholars see this as part of the miracle: an unlettered man brought a book no writer could match.
The Sunni position is that the Prophet ﷺ was ummi: he did not read or write. He used scribes such as Zayd ibn Thabit and Ali to write down revelation and letters. Some scholars discussed whether he wrote a few words late in life; most hold he stayed unlettered.
The four schools agree on this.
Explanation
Allah describes him as "the unlettered prophet" (7:157) and says to him: "You did not recite any scripture before it, nor did you write one with your right hand; otherwise the falsifiers would have had cause for doubt" (29:48). The point is clear. If he had been a reader of old books, people could claim he copied them. His being unlettered closes that door.
The first revelation shows it too. When Jibril said "Read!" (Iqra), he answered "I am not a reader." The word "ummi" comes from umm (mother): a person as his mother bore him, untaught in letters. He also said of the Arabs of his time: "We are an unlettered nation; we do not write or calculate," speaking of how they fixed the months by sighting the moon.
He had scribes. Zayd ibn Thabit, Ali, Uthman, Ubayy ibn Ka'b, Mu'awiya and others wrote the revelation as it came and wrote his letters to kings. At Hudaybiyyah a report in Bukhari says he "took the document, and he did not write well, and wrote". Most scholars explain that he had it written, or that this was a miracle in that moment, not a sign that he could write.
So the Quran's beauty and depth came through a man who never studied in a school or read a book. Muslims see this as a sign of its divine source. For more on the Quran, see What Is the Quran? and Quran 7:157.
The evidence
Quran, Surah Al-A'raaf 7:157
ٱلَّذِينَ يَتَّبِعُونَ ٱلرَّسُولَ ٱلنَّبِىَّ ٱلْأُمِّىَّ ٱلَّذِى يَجِدُونَهُۥ مَكْتُوبًا عِندَهُمْ فِى ٱلتَّوْرَىٰةِ وَٱلْإِنجِيلِ يَأْمُرُهُم بِٱلْمَعْرُوفِ وَيَنْهَىٰهُمْ عَنِ ٱلْمُنكَرِ وَيُحِلُّ لَهُمُ ٱلطَّيِّبَٰتِ وَيُحَرِّمُ عَلَيْهِمُ ٱلْخَبَٰٓئِثَ وَيَضَعُ عَنْهُمْ إِصْرَهُمْ وَٱلْأَغْلَٰلَ ٱلَّتِى كَانَتْ عَلَيْهِمْ ۚ فَٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوا۟ بِهِۦ وَعَزَّرُوهُ وَنَصَرُوهُ وَٱتَّبَعُوا۟ ٱلنُّورَ ٱلَّذِىٓ أُنزِلَ مَعَهُۥٓ ۙ أُو۟لَٰٓئِكَ هُمُ ٱلْمُفْلِحُونَ ﴿١٥٧﴾
Those who follow the Messenger, the unlettered prophet, whom they find written in what they have of the Torah and the Gospel, who enjoins upon them what is right and forbids them what is wrong and makes lawful for them the good things and prohibits for them the evil and relieves them of their burden and the shackles which were upon them. So they who have believed in him, honored him, supported him and followed the light which was sent down with him - it is those who will be the successful.
Allah calls him the unlettered prophet.
Quran, Surah Al-Ankaboot 29:48
وَمَا كُنتَ تَتْلُوا۟ مِن قَبْلِهِۦ مِن كِتَٰبٍۢ وَلَا تَخُطُّهُۥ بِيَمِينِكَ ۖ إِذًۭا لَّٱرْتَابَ ٱلْمُبْطِلُونَ ﴿٤٨﴾
And you did not recite before it any scripture, nor did you inscribe one with your right hand. Otherwise the falsifiers would have had [cause for] doubt.
He neither read nor wrote before the Quran.
Quran, Surah Al-Jumu'a 62:2
هُوَ ٱلَّذِى بَعَثَ فِى ٱلْأُمِّيِّۦنَ رَسُولًۭا مِّنْهُمْ يَتْلُوا۟ عَلَيْهِمْ ءَايَٰتِهِۦ وَيُزَكِّيهِمْ وَيُعَلِّمُهُمُ ٱلْكِتَٰبَ وَٱلْحِكْمَةَ وَإِن كَانُوا۟ مِن قَبْلُ لَفِى ضَلَٰلٍۢ مُّبِينٍۢ ﴿٢﴾
It is He who has sent among the unlettered a Messenger from themselves reciting to them His verses and purifying them and teaching them the Book and wisdom - although they were before in clear error -
He was sent to an unlettered people as one of them.
Sahih al-Bukhari 3
Sahih... ما أنا بقارئ ...
"I am not a reader."
His answer to Jibril at the first revelation.
Sahih al-Bukhari 1913
Sahih... إنا أمة أمية لا نكتب ولا نحسب ...
"We are an unlettered nation: we do not write or calculate."
He described his people, and himself among them, as unlettered.
Where the ruling is recorded
- Fath al-Bari (Ibn Hajar), Commentary on Kitab al-Maghazi, chapter on Umrat al-Qada, the words 'and he did not write well, and wrote'. Sets out the scholars' views on the Hudaybiyyah report.
- Zad al-Ma'ad (Ibn al-Qayyim), Section on his scribes. Lists the Companions who wrote for him.
- al-Shifa (Qadi Iyad), Part on his miracles, the miracle of the Quran. Explains why his being unlettered strengthens the proof of the Quran.
Checked by our team. For a more accurate answer to your own situation, consult a scholar. Quran translation by Sahih International. Hadith Arabic from the standard editions of the six books and the Muwatta, with gradings as recorded there; the English is our own rendering. Spotted a mistake? Tell us.