Short answer
No. Bleeding from the hymen or a small tear is the blood of a wound, not menstruation. It does not stop prayer or fasting. Ghusl is already required because of intercourse; after it, wash off the blood and pray. If the bleeding is heavy, lasts for days, or comes around your period time, see a doctor and ask a mufti.
Blood from the breaking of the hymen is not haid or istihadah from the womb but the blood of a wound. It is impure and breaks wudu like any flowing blood, and it does not excuse the woman from prayer or fasting.
The four schools agree on this.
Explanation
Many brides are unsure whether they can pray after their wedding night if there is some bleeding. In fiqh, haid is blood from the womb within its known limits. Blood from the hymen comes from a small tear at the entrance, so the jurists call it the blood of virginity and treat it as the blood of a wound.
What to do:
- Ghusl: required anyway after intercourse. Wash the blood off and do ghusl. See how to do ghusl.
- Prayer: pray as normal. If light bleeding continues, it breaks wudu, so wash and renew wudu before each prayer.
- Fasting: not affected by this blood.
- Kindness: gentleness and patience in the first days of marriage are part of good character.
When it is not so simple. If bleeding lasts several days, is heavy, or arrives when your period is due, it may be haid, or it may need medical attention. Write down the times and ask a mufti, and see a doctor if it is heavy or painful. Light bleeding after a smear test, an internal examination or an injury is treated the same way: as wound blood, not a period.
Bleeding, or not bleeding, on the first night says nothing about a woman's chastity. Many women do not bleed at all, and judging a bride by it is ignorance that can become slander. See slandering chaste women and what is istihadah.
Ask a mufti about your own case. This answer explains the general ruling. When the details of your situation matter, as they do here, ask a qualified mufti and give them the full facts. Where to ask a scholar.
The evidence
Quran, Surah Al-Baqara 2:222
وَيَسْـَٔلُونَكَ عَنِ ٱلْمَحِيضِ ۖ قُلْ هُوَ أَذًۭى فَٱعْتَزِلُوا۟ ٱلنِّسَآءَ فِى ٱلْمَحِيضِ ۖ وَلَا تَقْرَبُوهُنَّ حَتَّىٰ يَطْهُرْنَ ۖ فَإِذَا تَطَهَّرْنَ فَأْتُوهُنَّ مِنْ حَيْثُ أَمَرَكُمُ ٱللَّهُ ۚ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ يُحِبُّ ٱلتَّوَّٰبِينَ وَيُحِبُّ ٱلْمُتَطَهِّرِينَ ﴿٢٢٢﴾
And they ask you about menstruation. Say, "It is harm, so keep away from wives during menstruation. And do not approach them until they are pure. And when they have purified themselves, then come to them from where Allah has ordained for you. Indeed, Allah loves those who are constantly repentant and loves those who purify themselves."
Only menstrual blood carries the rulings of menstruation.
Quran, Surah Ar-Room 30:21
وَمِنْ ءَايَٰتِهِۦٓ أَنْ خَلَقَ لَكُم مِّنْ أَنفُسِكُمْ أَزْوَٰجًۭا لِّتَسْكُنُوٓا۟ إِلَيْهَا وَجَعَلَ بَيْنَكُم مَّوَدَّةًۭ وَرَحْمَةً ۚ إِنَّ فِى ذَٰلِكَ لَءَايَٰتٍۢ لِّقَوْمٍۢ يَتَفَكَّرُونَ ﴿٢١﴾
And of His signs is that He created for you from yourselves mates that you may find tranquillity in them; and He placed between you affection and mercy. Indeed in that are signs for a people who give thought.
Marriage is built on affection and mercy.
Sahih al-Bukhari 306
Sahih... إنما ذلك عرق وليس بالحيضة ...
"That is from a vein, not menstruation."
Bleeding that is not menstruation has a different ruling.
Where the ruling is recorded
- Radd al-Muhtar (Ibn Abidin), Kitab al-Taharah, chapter on haid. Distinguishes the blood of virginity from haid.
- Nur al-Idah with Maraqi al-Falah, Kitab al-Taharah, chapter on what breaks wudu. Flowing blood breaks wudu.
Checked by our team. For a more accurate answer to your own situation, consult a scholar. Quran translation by Sahih International. Hadith Arabic from the standard editions of the six books and the Muwatta, with gradings as recorded there; the English is our own rendering. Spotted a mistake? Tell us.