Short answer
No. Islam does not teach that periods are a curse because of Eve. The Quran says Adam and Hawwa both slipped, both repented and both were forgiven. When Aishah wept over her period on Hajj, the Prophet ﷺ told her it is something Allah has decreed for the daughters of Adam: a natural part of how women are created.
This is a point of belief rather than fiqh: no soul carries another's sin, Adam and Hawwa were forgiven, and menstruation is a natural decree from Allah, not a punishment. Its rulings are a relief for women, not a penalty.
The four schools agree on this.
Explanation
The idea that women bleed because Eve tempted Adam comes from earlier traditions, not from the Quran. In the Quran, Shaytan whispered to both of them, both ate, and both said together: our Lord, we have wronged ourselves. In one place the Quran names Adam alone: Adam disobeyed his Lord and erred, and then his Lord chose him and turned to him. Nowhere is Hawwa blamed alone, and nowhere is a punishment placed on her daughters.
Islam also teaches that no bearer of burdens carries the burden of another. So even if Hawwa had sinned alone, her daughters would not inherit it. And Adam and Hawwa were forgiven.
When Aishah's period came on the way to Hajj, she wept, thinking her pilgrimage was ruined. The Prophet ﷺ told her that this is something Allah has decreed for the daughters of Adam, and to do everything a pilgrim does except tawaf. His words put menstruation alongside every other part of how Allah created us: decreed, natural, and nothing to be ashamed of.
Imam Bukhari heads his chapter on how menstruation began with the Prophet's ﷺ words that Allah decreed it for the daughters of Adam. He mentions that some said it was first sent upon the women of Bani Isra'il, and adds that the Prophet's ﷺ words are more general. Ibn Hajar cites other early reports linking its beginning to Hawwa. None of these reports is the Prophet's ﷺ own saying, and none overrides his plain teaching that it is decreed for all women. The rulings of the period are a relief: prayers missed are forgiven and never made up. See what is not allowed during your period and are men and women equal.
The evidence
Quran, Surah Al-A'raaf 7:23
قَالَا رَبَّنَا ظَلَمْنَآ أَنفُسَنَا وَإِن لَّمْ تَغْفِرْ لَنَا وَتَرْحَمْنَا لَنَكُونَنَّ مِنَ ٱلْخَٰسِرِينَ ﴿٢٣﴾
They said, "Our Lord, we have wronged ourselves, and if You do not forgive us and have mercy upon us, we will surely be among the losers."
Adam and Hawwa repented together.
Quran, Surah Taa-Haa 20:122
ثُمَّ ٱجْتَبَٰهُ رَبُّهُۥ فَتَابَ عَلَيْهِ وَهَدَىٰ ﴿١٢٢﴾
Then his Lord chose him and turned to him in forgiveness and guided [him].
Their slip was forgiven.
Quran, Surah Al-An'aam 6:164
قُلْ أَغَيْرَ ٱللَّهِ أَبْغِى رَبًّۭا وَهُوَ رَبُّ كُلِّ شَىْءٍۢ ۚ وَلَا تَكْسِبُ كُلُّ نَفْسٍ إِلَّا عَلَيْهَا ۚ وَلَا تَزِرُ وَازِرَةٌۭ وِزْرَ أُخْرَىٰ ۚ ثُمَّ إِلَىٰ رَبِّكُم مَّرْجِعُكُمْ فَيُنَبِّئُكُم بِمَا كُنتُمْ فِيهِ تَخْتَلِفُونَ ﴿١٦٤﴾
Say, "Is it other than Allah I should desire as a lord while He is the Lord of all things? And every soul earns not [blame] except against itself, and no bearer of burdens will bear the burden of another. Then to your Lord is your return, and He will inform you concerning that over which you used to differ."
No one inherits another person's sin.
Sahih al-Bukhari 294
Sahih... هذا أمر كتبه الله على بنات آدم ...
"This is something Allah has decreed for the daughters of Adam."
Menstruation is a natural decree for all women, not a fault or a punishment.
Where the ruling is recorded
- Fath al-Bari (Ibn Hajar), Kitab al-Hayd, the opening chapter on how menstruation began. On Bukhari's chapter heading: the report that menstruation began with Bani Isra'il, the reports about Hawwa, and why the Prophet's words are more general.
Checked by our team. For a more accurate answer to your own situation, consult a scholar. Quran translation by Sahih International. Hadith Arabic from the standard editions of the six books and the Muwatta, with gradings as recorded there; the English is our own rendering. Spotted a mistake? Tell us.