Short answer
Not in the sense of a tenth of income. Muslims pay zakat: 2.5 percent of savings and other zakatable wealth held for a lunar year above the nisab. The only real tithe in Islamic law is ushr, the zakat on crops. Voluntary sadaqah on top has no fixed amount.
Zakat at 2.5 percent on zakatable wealth is fard. Ushr, a tenth (or a twentieth when the land is irrigated at cost), is due on crops at harvest. Beyond these, sadaqah is sunnah with no set percentage, but you should not give so much that you neglect those you must support.
The four schools agree on this.
Explanation
A tithe, in the Christian tradition, is a tenth of income given to the church. Islam's fixed duty works differently:
- Base: zakat is on wealth you hold, not on what you earn. Salary spent during the year carries no zakat; what you have saved does (see zakat on salary).
- Rate: 2.5 percent, one fortieth, for money, gold, silver and trade goods.
- Threshold: only wealth at or above the nisab is zakatable.
- Timing: once a lunar year has passed on the nisab.
- Recipients: the poor and the other groups in Quran 9:60, not the masjid or its staff.
Islamic law does have a true tenth. Ushr, which literally means a tenth, is the zakat on crops: the Prophet ﷺ set a tenth on land watered by rain or springs and half of that on land watered by effort (see zakat on crops).
Beyond zakat, Muslims give voluntary sadaqah with no ceiling and no minimum. The Quran's guidance on how much to spend is: what is beyond your needs (2:219). The Prophet ﷺ said the best charity is what is given while still leaving yourself enough, and to start with those you support. Masjids in the West are usually funded by these voluntary gifts, often called lillah, since zakat cannot pay for buildings.
The four schools agree on the zakat rate for money and the two rates for crops. Use the zakat calculator to see your figure.
The evidence
Quran, Surah Al-An'aam 6:141
۞ وَهُوَ ٱلَّذِىٓ أَنشَأَ جَنَّٰتٍۢ مَّعْرُوشَٰتٍۢ وَغَيْرَ مَعْرُوشَٰتٍۢ وَٱلنَّخْلَ وَٱلزَّرْعَ مُخْتَلِفًا أُكُلُهُۥ وَٱلزَّيْتُونَ وَٱلرُّمَّانَ مُتَشَٰبِهًۭا وَغَيْرَ مُتَشَٰبِهٍۢ ۚ كُلُوا۟ مِن ثَمَرِهِۦٓ إِذَآ أَثْمَرَ وَءَاتُوا۟ حَقَّهُۥ يَوْمَ حَصَادِهِۦ ۖ وَلَا تُسْرِفُوٓا۟ ۚ إِنَّهُۥ لَا يُحِبُّ ٱلْمُسْرِفِينَ ﴿١٤١﴾
And He it is who causes gardens to grow, [both] trellised and untrellised, and palm trees and crops of different [kinds of] food and olives and pomegranates, similar and dissimilar. Eat of [each of] its fruit when it yields and give its due [zakah] on the day of its harvest. And be not excessive. Indeed, He does not like those who commit excess.
Crops carry their own zakat, paid at harvest.
Quran, Surah Al-Baqara 2:219
۞ يَسْـَٔلُونَكَ عَنِ ٱلْخَمْرِ وَٱلْمَيْسِرِ ۖ قُلْ فِيهِمَآ إِثْمٌۭ كَبِيرٌۭ وَمَنَٰفِعُ لِلنَّاسِ وَإِثْمُهُمَآ أَكْبَرُ مِن نَّفْعِهِمَا ۗ وَيَسْـَٔلُونَكَ مَاذَا يُنفِقُونَ قُلِ ٱلْعَفْوَ ۗ كَذَٰلِكَ يُبَيِّنُ ٱللَّهُ لَكُمُ ٱلْءَايَٰتِ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَتَفَكَّرُونَ ﴿٢١٩﴾
They ask you about wine and gambling. Say, "In them is great sin and [yet, some] benefit for people. But their sin is greater than their benefit." And they ask you what they should spend. Say, "The excess [beyond needs]." Thus Allah makes clear to you the verses [of revelation] that you might give thought.
Voluntary giving comes from what is beyond your needs.
Sahih al-Bukhari 1483
Sahih... فيما سقت السماء والعيون أو كان عثريا العشر ...
"On what is watered by rain and springs, or draws water by its roots, a tenth; on what is watered by irrigation, half a tenth."
The only fixed tenth in Islamic law is on crops.
Sahih al-Bukhari 1426
Sahih... خير الصدقة ما كان عن ظهر غنى وابدأ بمن تعول ...
"The best charity is what leaves you still sufficient, and begin with those you support."
Voluntary giving should not leave your dependants in need.
Where the ruling is recorded
- al-Hidaya, Kitab al-Zakat, chapter on the zakat of crops and fruit. A tenth on land watered naturally, half a tenth on land irrigated by buckets or wheels.
- al-Hidaya, Kitab al-Zakat, chapters on silver, gold and trade goods. A quarter of a tenth on money and trade goods.
Checked by our team. For a more accurate answer to your own situation, consult a scholar. Quran translation by Sahih International. Hadith Arabic from the standard editions of the six books and the Muwatta, with gradings as recorded there; the English is our own rendering. Spotted a mistake? Tell us.