Short answer
Yes, at a different rate. Ancient buried treasure (rikaz) carries a fifth, 20 percent, as soon as it is found, with no nisab and no waiting year. In the Hanafi school, metals such as gold, silver, iron and copper taken from a mine also carry a fifth. The other schools charge 2.5 percent on mined minerals.
A fifth (khums) is due at once on pre-Islamic buried treasure and on solid, meltable metals extracted from the ground, whatever the amount. Oil and other liquids, and gemstones from mines, carry no khums. Treasure from the Muslim era is lost property (luqata), not rikaz.
Other madhhabs
- Shafi'i
- Mined minerals: only gold and silver, at 2.5 percent once they reach the nisab. Rikaz: a fifth, on gold and silver that reach the nisab.
- Maliki
- Gold and silver from mines carry 2.5 percent once they reach the nisab; rikaz carries a fifth.
- Hanbali
- All mined minerals, including oil, carry 2.5 percent once they reach the nisab; rikaz of any kind carries a fifth.
Explanation
The Prophet ﷺ said: and in rikaz is a fifth. Rikaz literally means something set down in the earth. All four schools apply a fifth to treasure buried before Islam. They differ over minerals dug from mines.
In the Hanafi school both count as rikaz:
- Ancient treasure: coins or valuables buried in pre-Islamic times. A fifth is due immediately, with no nisab and no year.
- Metals from a mine: gold, silver, iron, copper, lead and other metals that can be melted and shaped. A fifth is due when they are extracted.
- No khums: liquids such as oil, and stones such as gems, unless they were part of a buried treasure.
- Muslim-era finds: anything with Islamic markings is lost property. It must be announced and returned, not kept with a fifth paid.
The fifth is spent in the way the fifth of war spoils is spent (8:41), mainly on orphans, the needy and travellers. The rest belongs to the finder when found on unowned land. On owned land, rights may belong to the landowner.
Today most finds are governed by law as well. In England and Wales, for example, the Treasure Act requires many finds to be reported. Follow the law, and pay the fifth only on what actually becomes yours. Because ownership of finds is complex, ask a mufti about your case.
Shares in mining or oil companies are not rikaz. They follow the rules for shares (see zakat on stocks).
Ask a mufti about your own case. This answer explains the general ruling. When the details of your situation matter, as they do here, ask a qualified mufti and give them the full facts. Where to ask a scholar.
The evidence
Quran, Surah Al-Anfaal 8:41
۞ وَٱعْلَمُوٓا۟ أَنَّمَا غَنِمْتُم مِّن شَىْءٍۢ فَأَنَّ لِلَّهِ خُمُسَهُۥ وَلِلرَّسُولِ وَلِذِى ٱلْقُرْبَىٰ وَٱلْيَتَٰمَىٰ وَٱلْمَسَٰكِينِ وَٱبْنِ ٱلسَّبِيلِ إِن كُنتُمْ ءَامَنتُم بِٱللَّهِ وَمَآ أَنزَلْنَا عَلَىٰ عَبْدِنَا يَوْمَ ٱلْفُرْقَانِ يَوْمَ ٱلْتَقَى ٱلْجَمْعَانِ ۗ وَٱللَّهُ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ شَىْءٍۢ قَدِيرٌ ﴿٤١﴾
And know that anything you obtain of war booty - then indeed, for Allah is one fifth of it and for the Messenger and for [his] near relatives and the orphans, the needy, and the [stranded] traveler, if you have believed in Allah and in that which We sent down to Our Servant on the day of criterion - the day when the two armies met. And Allah, over all things, is competent.
The Hanafis spend the fifth of rikaz the way this fifth is spent.
Sahih al-Bukhari 1499
Sahih... والبئر جبار والمعدن جبار وفي الركاز الخمس ...
"There is no liability for injury caused by a well or a mine, and in buried treasure there is a fifth."
The basis for the fifth on rikaz.
Where the ruling is recorded
- al-Hidaya, Kitab al-Zakat, chapter on mines and buried treasure (al-ma'adin wa al-rikaz). A fifth on meltable metals and ancient treasure; none on liquids or gems.
- Minhaj al-Talibin, Kitab al-Zakat, chapter on mines and rikaz. The Shafi'i rule of 2.5 percent on mined gold and silver.
- al-Mughni, Kitab al-Zakat, chapter on the zakat of mines. The Hanbali inclusion of all minerals, oil among them.
Checked by our team. For a more accurate answer to your own situation, consult a scholar. Quran translation by Sahih International. Hadith Arabic from the standard editions of the six books and the Muwatta, with gradings as recorded there; the English is our own rendering. Spotted a mistake? Tell us.