The Quran gives several duas for one's family: for spouses and children who are a joy to the eyes, for children who keep up the prayer, and for families to be together in Paradise. The Sunnah adds a dua for leaving your family in Allah's care. Each one is below with its source.
رَبَّنَا هَبْ لَنَا مِنْ أَزْوَٰجِنَا وَذُرِّيَّٰتِنَا قُرَّةَ أَعْيُنٍۢ وَٱجْعَلْنَا لِلْمُتَّقِينَ إِمَامًا
Rabbanā hab lanā min azwājinā wa dhurriyyātinā qurrata aʿyuniw-wajʿalnā lil-muttaqīna imāmā
Our Lord, grant us from among our wives and offspring comfort to our eyes and make us an example for the righteous.
Quran 25:74, translation by Sahih International
رَبِّ ٱجْعَلْنِى مُقِيمَ ٱلصَّلَوٰةِ وَمِن ذُرِّيَّتِى ۚ رَبَّنَا وَتَقَبَّلْ دُعَآءِ
Rabbij-ʿalnī muqīmaṣ-ṣalāti wa min dhurriyyatī, rabbanā wa taqabbal duʿāʾ
My Lord, make me an establisher of prayer, and [many] from my descendants. Our Lord, and accept my supplication.
Quran 14:40, translation by Sahih International
رَبِّ ٱجْعَلْ هَٰذَا ٱلْبَلَدَ ءَامِنًۭا وَٱجْنُبْنِى وَبَنِىَّ أَن نَّعْبُدَ ٱلْأَصْنَامَ
Rabbij-ʿal hādhal-balada āminaw-wajnubnī wa baniyya an naʿbudal-aṣnām
My Lord, make this city [Makkah] secure and keep me and my sons away from worshipping idols.
Quran 14:35, translation by Sahih International
رَبِّ أَوْزِعْنِىٓ أَنْ أَشْكُرَ نِعْمَتَكَ ٱلَّتِىٓ أَنْعَمْتَ عَلَىَّ وَعَلَىٰ وَٰلِدَىَّ وَأَنْ أَعْمَلَ صَٰلِحًۭا تَرْضَىٰهُ وَأَصْلِحْ لِى فِى ذُرِّيَّتِىٓ ۖ إِنِّى تُبْتُ إِلَيْكَ وَإِنِّى مِنَ ٱلْمُسْلِمِينَ
Rabbi awziʿnī an ashkura niʿmatakal-latī anʿamta ʿalayya wa ʿalā wālidayya wa an aʿmala ṣāliḥan tarḍāhu wa aṣliḥ lī fī dhurriyyatī, innī tubtu ilayka wa innī minal-muslimīn
My Lord, enable me to be grateful for Your favor which You have bestowed upon me and upon my parents and to work righteousness of which You will approve and make righteous for me my offspring. Indeed, I have repented to You, and indeed, I am of the Muslims.
Quran 46:15, translation by Sahih International
رَبَّنَا وَأَدْخِلْهُمْ جَنَّٰتِ عَدْنٍ ٱلَّتِى وَعَدتَّهُمْ وَمَن صَلَحَ مِنْ ءَابَآئِهِمْ وَأَزْوَٰجِهِمْ وَذُرِّيَّٰتِهِمْ ۚ إِنَّكَ أَنتَ ٱلْعَزِيزُ ٱلْحَكِيمُ
Rabbanā wa adkhilhum jannāti ʿadninil-latī waʿattahum wa man ṣalaḥa min ābāʾihim wa azwājihim wa dhurriyyātihim, innaka antal-ʿazīzul-ḥakīm
Our Lord, and admit them to gardens of perpetual residence which You have promised them and whoever was righteous among their fathers, their spouses and their offspring. Indeed, it is You who is the Exalted in Might, the Wise.
Quran 40:8, translation by Sahih International
أَسْتَوْدِعُكَ اللَّهَ الَّذِي لَا تَضِيعُ وَدَائِعُهُ
Astawdiʿukallāhal-ladhī lā taḍīʿu wadāʾiʿuh
I leave you in the care of Allah, whose trusts are never lost. (To a group, such as your family, say astawdi'ukumullah.)
Sunan Ibn Majah 2825, graded sahih
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Guide
The Quran gives several duas for one's family: for spouses and children who are a joy to the eyes, for children who keep up the prayer, and for families to be together in Paradise. The Sunnah adds a dua for leaving your family in Allah's care. Each one is below with its source.
Allah says: "O you who have believed, protect yourselves and your families from a Fire" (66:6).1 The first protection is teaching them the prayer and the Quran and making dua for them. For daily protection, the Prophet ﷺ sought refuge for his grandsons Hasan and Husayn with the words U'idhukuma bi-kalimatillahit-tammah.2 That dua, and what to recite over children, is on the dua against the evil eye page. The morning and evening adhkar protect the whole household.
The Prophet ﷺ said three duas are answered without doubt: the dua of a parent, the dua of a traveller and the dua of the one who has been wronged.3 So keep praying for your children by name, at every age.
Dua 5 is the dua the angels around the Throne make for the believers and their families. Allah also promises that the believers' children who followed them in faith will be joined with them (52:21). Ask for that reunion for your family.
For parents, see the dua for parents. For a husband or wife, the dua for your spouse. For children, the dua for children.
Questions
Use the Quranic duas for your family, such as Quran 25:74 and 14:40, and the Prophet's ﷺ refuge for his grandsons, U'idhukuma bi-kalimatillahit-tammah (Abu Dawud 4737). The morning and evening adhkar protect the whole household.
The angels' dua in Quran 40:8: Rabbana wa adkhilhum jannati adnin... their fathers, their spouses and their offspring.
Astawdi'ukumullahal-ladhi la tadi'u wada'i'uh: I leave you in the care of Allah, whose trusts are never lost (Ibn Majah 2825).
Yes. The Prophet ﷺ named the dua of a parent among three duas that are answered (Abu Dawud 1536).