Short answer
No. Islam has no baptism. A baby is born pure on the fitrah and needs no rite to be cleansed, and an adult enters Islam simply by saying the shahada with belief. Islam does have its own welcoming customs: the adhan in a newborn's ear, the aqiqah sacrifice and naming, and a ghusl (full bath) for a new Muslim.
There is no rite of baptism in the Hanafi school or any other. Ghusl after accepting Islam is mustahabb, and fard if the person was in a state of major impurity they had not washed from. For a newborn, aqiqah is mustahabb in the relied-upon later Hanafi position.
The four schools agree on this.
Explanation
Baptism in Christianity is linked to washing away sin, including, in many churches, original sin. Islam has no original sin. Every child is born on the fitrah, pure and inclined to the one God, and no soul carries another's burden. So there is nothing for a rite to wash away. See original sin in Islam.
An adult becomes Muslim by saying the shahada with belief. Many new Muslims then take a ghusl, a full ritual bath, following the hadith in which the Prophet ﷺ told Qays ibn Asim to bathe with water and lote leaves when he accepted Islam. The ghusl is cleanliness and a fresh start, not what makes you Muslim. See ghusl after converting.
For newborns, Muslim families have their own sunnah customs:
- Saying the adhan (call to prayer) softly in the baby's ear.
- Tahnik: rubbing a softened date on the baby's palate.
- On the seventh day: the aqiqah sacrifice, giving a good name and shaving the head.
- Circumcision for boys.
None of these makes the child Muslim; a child of Muslim parents is Muslim from birth. Some classical commentators explained the Quran's phrase sibghat Allah, the colour or dye of Allah, as a reply to the practice of dipping children in water: Islam's colour is faith itself. See aqiqah and the adhan in a baby's ear.
The evidence
Quran, Surah Al-Baqara 2:138
صِبْغَةَ ٱللَّهِ ۖ وَمَنْ أَحْسَنُ مِنَ ٱللَّهِ صِبْغَةًۭ ۖ وَنَحْنُ لَهُۥ عَٰبِدُونَ ﴿١٣٨﴾
[And say, "Ours is] the religion of Allah. And who is better than Allah in [ordaining] religion? And we are worshippers of Him."
Islam's colour or mark is faith in Allah, not a ritual washing.
Quran, Surah Al-Israa 17:15
مَّنِ ٱهْتَدَىٰ فَإِنَّمَا يَهْتَدِى لِنَفْسِهِۦ ۖ وَمَن ضَلَّ فَإِنَّمَا يَضِلُّ عَلَيْهَا ۚ وَلَا تَزِرُ وَازِرَةٌۭ وِزْرَ أُخْرَىٰ ۗ وَمَا كُنَّا مُعَذِّبِينَ حَتَّىٰ نَبْعَثَ رَسُولًۭا ﴿١٥﴾
Whoever is guided is only guided for [the benefit of] his soul. And whoever errs only errs against it. And no bearer of burdens will bear the burden of another. And never would We punish until We sent a messenger.
No one inherits another's sin, so a baby needs no cleansing rite.
Sahih al-Bukhari 1358
Sahih... ما من مولود إلا يولد على الفطرة ...
"Every child is born upon the fitrah."
Children are born pure.
Jami' at-Tirmidhi 605
Grading to be checked... أمره أن يغتسل بماء وسدر ...
"He commanded him to bathe with water and lote leaves."
The basis for a new Muslim's ghusl.
Sunan Abi Dawud 2838
Graded sahih... كل غلام رهينة بعقيقته ...
"Every child is pledged by his aqiqah."
The aqiqah is the sunnah welcome for a newborn.
Where the ruling is recorded
- Nur al-Idah with Maraqi al-Falah, Kitab al-Taharah, the section on recommended ghusls. Lists ghusl for a non-Muslim who accepts Islam.
Checked by our team. For a more accurate answer to your own situation, consult a scholar. Quran translation by Sahih International. Hadith Arabic from the standard editions of the six books and the Muwatta, with gradings as recorded there; the English is our own rendering. Spotted a mistake? Tell us.