Short answer
In the Hanafi school, yes, he may stop her from going out to work, since providing for her is his duty and she is entitled to it. If they agreed before marriage that she would work, he should keep that promise. He can never take her earnings, and if he fails to provide, she may go out to earn what she needs.
Because the husband provides for her, he may forbid her from leaving the home for paid work, and some Hanafi texts say that if she goes out against his clear prohibition she loses her maintenance for that period. He cannot stop work at home that does not affect his rights, her earnings are hers alone, and if he does not provide she may go out to earn.
The four schools agree on this.
Explanation
Allah made the husband responsible for spending on the family (4:34), and said that women have a share of what they earn just as men do (4:32). The Hanafi books balance these: since he must provide, he has a say in her leaving the home for work, and since her money is hers, he has no say over what she earns. A woman's right to work in principle is covered in can women work in Islam.
How this plays out:
- Agree before the nikah. If she plans to work or study, raise it early. A promise made then should be kept (5:1), and she may protect it with a clause. See conditions in the nikah.
- Need. If he cannot or does not provide, she may work to meet her needs, and he cannot stop her.
- Work at home or online that does not take from his rights is generally hers to decide.
- Valued fields such as medicine and teaching girls are a real need of the community, and many scholars encourage husbands to support them.
- Her salary is hers. Anything she gives to the home is a gift. See who provides.
A husband's right here is a responsibility, not a tool of control. Stopping a wife from work out of jealousy or ego, while not providing well, is unjust. Most couples settle this by talking and planning around children and family life. If it becomes a dispute, ask a mufti.
The evidence
Quran, Surah An-Nisaa 4:34
ٱلرِّجَالُ قَوَّٰمُونَ عَلَى ٱلنِّسَآءِ بِمَا فَضَّلَ ٱللَّهُ بَعْضَهُمْ عَلَىٰ بَعْضٍۢ وَبِمَآ أَنفَقُوا۟ مِنْ أَمْوَٰلِهِمْ ۚ فَٱلصَّٰلِحَٰتُ قَٰنِتَٰتٌ حَٰفِظَٰتٌۭ لِّلْغَيْبِ بِمَا حَفِظَ ٱللَّهُ ۚ وَٱلَّٰتِى تَخَافُونَ نُشُوزَهُنَّ فَعِظُوهُنَّ وَٱهْجُرُوهُنَّ فِى ٱلْمَضَاجِعِ وَٱضْرِبُوهُنَّ ۖ فَإِنْ أَطَعْنَكُمْ فَلَا تَبْغُوا۟ عَلَيْهِنَّ سَبِيلًا ۗ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ كَانَ عَلِيًّۭا كَبِيرًۭا ﴿٣٤﴾
Men are in charge of women by [right of] what Allah has given one over the other and what they spend [for maintenance] from their wealth. So righteous women are devoutly obedient, guarding in [the husband's] absence what Allah would have them guard. But those [wives] from whom you fear arrogance - [first] advise them; [then if they persist], forsake them in bed; and [finally], strike them. But if they obey you [once more], seek no means against them. Indeed, Allah is ever Exalted and Grand.
The husband's duty to provide gives him a say.
Quran, Surah An-Nisaa 4:32
وَلَا تَتَمَنَّوْا۟ مَا فَضَّلَ ٱللَّهُ بِهِۦ بَعْضَكُمْ عَلَىٰ بَعْضٍۢ ۚ لِّلرِّجَالِ نَصِيبٌۭ مِّمَّا ٱكْتَسَبُوا۟ ۖ وَلِلنِّسَآءِ نَصِيبٌۭ مِّمَّا ٱكْتَسَبْنَ ۚ وَسْـَٔلُوا۟ ٱللَّهَ مِن فَضْلِهِۦٓ ۗ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ كَانَ بِكُلِّ شَىْءٍ عَلِيمًۭا ﴿٣٢﴾
And do not wish for that by which Allah has made some of you exceed others. For men is a share of what they have earned, and for women is a share of what they have earned. And ask Allah of his bounty. Indeed Allah is ever, of all things, Knowing.
A woman's earnings are her own.
Sahih al-Bukhari 5200
Sahih... والرجل راع على أهل بيته ...
"And a man is a shepherd over the people of his house."
The husband is responsible for his household.
Where the ruling is recorded
- Radd al-Muhtar (Ibn Abidin), Bab al-Nafaqa, on the wife who works outside the home. He may stop her going out to work, and her maintenance is affected if she defies this.
- al-Fatawa al-Hindiyya, Kitab al-Talaq, Bab al-Nafaqat. When a wife leaving the home affects her maintenance.
Checked by our team. For a more accurate answer to your own situation, consult a scholar. Quran translation by Sahih International. Hadith Arabic from the standard editions of the six books and the Muwatta, with gradings as recorded there; the English is our own rendering. Spotted a mistake? Tell us.