Short answer
No. The Quran says plainly that it is not the word of a poet and that the Prophet ﷺ was not taught poetry. It has rhythm and rhyme, but it follows none of the Arabic poetic metres and is not prose either. Muslims see this unique style as part of its miracle, and it challenges anyone to produce a surah like it.
Believing the Quran is the speech of Allah, not poetry or human composition, is part of iman. Calling it poetry in the sense of human verse is a denial of what the Quran says about itself.
The four schools agree on this.
Explanation
When the Quran was first recited in Makkah, some of the Quraysh called the Prophet ﷺ a poet, a soothsayer or a madman. The Quran answered: it is not the word of a poet, little do you believe (69:41), and We did not teach him poetry, nor is it fitting for him (36:69).
Why it is not poetry. Classical Arabic poetry follows fixed metres (buhur) with set line lengths and a single rhyme. The Arabs of that time were experts in it. The Quran uses rhyme and rhythm, but its ayat vary freely in length, change rhyme within a surah and follow no known metre. It is not ordinary prose either. Even its opponents, masters of poetry, admitted it was unlike anything they knew.
The challenge. The Quran invited those who doubted it to bring something like it: first the whole Quran (17:88), then a statement like it (52:34), then ten surahs, then even one surah (2:23, 10:38). Muslim scholars call this i'jaz, the Quran's inimitability. See miracles of the Quran.
Is poetry bad in Islam? No. The Prophet ﷺ said that some poetry contains wisdom, and Companions such as Hassan ibn Thabit composed poems in his defence. Poetry is judged by its content. The point is only that the Quran is something different. Why does recitation sound musical? See reciting the Quran with a melody.
The evidence
Quran, Surah Al-Haaqqa 69:41
وَمَا هُوَ بِقَوْلِ شَاعِرٍۢ ۚ قَلِيلًۭا مَّا تُؤْمِنُونَ ﴿٤١﴾
And it is not the word of a poet; little do you believe.
The Quran denies being poetry.
Quran, Surah Yaseen 36:69
وَمَا عَلَّمْنَٰهُ ٱلشِّعْرَ وَمَا يَنۢبَغِى لَهُۥٓ ۚ إِنْ هُوَ إِلَّا ذِكْرٌۭ وَقُرْءَانٌۭ مُّبِينٌۭ ﴿٦٩﴾
And We did not give Prophet Muhammad, knowledge of poetry, nor is it befitting for him. It is not but a message and a clear Qur'an
The Prophet ﷺ was not a poet.
Quran, Surah Al-Israa 17:88
قُل لَّئِنِ ٱجْتَمَعَتِ ٱلْإِنسُ وَٱلْجِنُّ عَلَىٰٓ أَن يَأْتُوا۟ بِمِثْلِ هَٰذَا ٱلْقُرْءَانِ لَا يَأْتُونَ بِمِثْلِهِۦ وَلَوْ كَانَ بَعْضُهُمْ لِبَعْضٍۢ ظَهِيرًۭا ﴿٨٨﴾
Say, "If mankind and the jinn gathered in order to produce the like of this Qur'an, they could not produce the like of it, even if they were to each other assistants."
The challenge to produce something like the Quran.
Sahih al-Bukhari 6145
Sahih... إن من الشعر حكمة ...
"Indeed, some poetry contains wisdom."
Poetry is not condemned in itself; the Quran is simply not poetry.
Where the ruling is recorded
- al-Itqan (al-Suyuti), Chapter on the inimitability of the Quran (i'jaz). Discusses how the Quran's style differs from poetry and prose.
Checked by our team. For a more accurate answer to your own situation, consult a scholar. Quran translation by Sahih International. Hadith Arabic from the standard editions of the six books and the Muwatta, with gradings as recorded there; the English is our own rendering. Spotted a mistake? Tell us.